黄河三门峡以下水资源供需分析

黄河三门峡以下河段高含沙水质,给下游水资源的开发利用带来极大的不便,造成水资源供需紧张。通过水库模拟调配,研究黄河三门峡以下流域在不同状况下水资源的供需形势。研究结果表明：①三门峡和小浪底两水库的运行,极大地改善了三门峡以下水资源的供需状况,但在来水较枯的年份,水资源供给仍然紧张;②小浪底水库采用多年泥沙调节的运用方式既保证了下游输沙生态用水、减少了泥沙的淤积,又提高了水资源的利用效率;③由黄河下游向外流域调水,可引用的水量既少又不稳定,因此在枯水期过多地引水只能加重黄河下游自身水资源的供需矛盾。

Analysis on Supply and Demand of Water Resources of the Downstream Sanmenxia on the Yellow River

The high sediment concentrated water in the section downstream Sanmenxia has made the development and utilization of water resources extremely inconvenient to the lower reaches of the Yellow River and caused a shortage of watersupply and demand. The paper studies the water supply and demand situation under the different conditions of the regiondownstream Sanmenxia through reservoir simulation and regulation. The outcome shows that: a) it has greatly improvedsupply and demand situation of water resources in the downstream area of Sanmenxia through joint operation of Sanmenxia and Xiaolangdi. While in a dry year, the supply of water resources is still short. b) The operational mode of multiyear sediment regulation of theXiaolangdi Reservoir has not only guaranteed water for sediment transport and ecologicalpurpose and reduced sedimentation, but also increased utilization efficiency of water resources and. c) To transfer waterfrom the lower Yellow River to outside of the basin, the divertable water is not only less but also unstable. Thus, over diver-sion during dry months only can worsen the contradiction of water supply and demand in the lower Yellow River.