河流健康修复方法综述

人类对河流的破坏导致了河流健康状况受损．针对河流健康出现的不同问题，人们采取了不同的修复方法，主要包括水文特征的修复、水环境质量的修复、结构形态的修复和种群结构的修复4个方面．水文特征的修复是恢复由于水利工程的建设造成的河流水文模式的改变，改善下游生态和环境条件，主要采取调节水利工程的运行调度方式．水环境质量的修复方法较多，包括物理修复、化学修复和生物修复．河流结构形态的修复是要尽可能恢复河流的纵向连续性和横向连通性，保持河流纵向和横向形态的多样性，防止河床材料的硬质化等，目前主要是采用近自然生态工法．种群结构的修复主要是采用各种生物技术．对于特定的河流，应具体分析河流健康的受损方面和受损程度，然后根据河流所处的状态因地制宜地选择合理、有效的修复方法．

Summary of River Health Restoration Methods

River health is destroyed because of the destruction of river. According to different problems of river health, different measures are taken which include hydrological characters restoration, water environmental quality restoration, structure and configuration restoration and biology community composition restoration. Hydrological characters restoration aims to restore the changed flow regime accused by the construction of hydraulic engineering and improve downstream ecological and environmental situation. Restoration methods of water environmental quality include physical remediation, chemical remediation and bioremediation. The objective of structure and configuration restoration is to repair the longitudinal continuity and lateral connectivity of river, keep the multiplicity of river configuration and prevent riverbed from hardening. At present, the main measure is called near nature ecological engineering method. Biology community composition restoration depends on all kinds of biological technologies. As for the special river, the destroyed aspect and degree should be analyzed specially. And then the reasonable and effective methods will be chosen according to the state of river health.