黄河中下游水沙的时空调度理论与实践

利用小浪底水库不同泄水建筑物的组合，塑造一定历时、流量、含沙量及泥沙颗粒级配的下泄水流与下游伊洛河、沁河的“清水”对接，在花园口站形成协调的水沙关系，实现既排出小浪底水库的库区泥沙，又不淤积下游河道的目标。2003年9月6～18日，黄河水利委员会就该理论开展了原型试验，试验结果表明：①利用异重流排沙和浑水水库排沙的特点，达到了小浪底水库拦沙初期“拦粗排细”、减缓库区淤积的目的；②利用小浪底-花园口区间的洪水资源，将小浪底水库排出的细泥沙输送入海，并且不增加下游河道淤积，提高了水流的输沙效率；③实现了下游河道减淤与减灾的统一。

Theory and practice of temporal and spatial dispatch of water and sediment in middle-lower reaches of Yellow River

The flow released from the Xiaolangdi Project with specific discharge, duration, sediment concentration and grade-size distribution is designed to join the flow coming from the Yiluo River and Qinhe River at the river section of Huayuankou Hydrological Station. Thus, a coordinative relationship between water flow and sediment for lower reaches of Yellow River is attained, so that not only the sediment deposited in the Xiaolangdi Reservoir can be flushed out but also the deposition will not take place in the lower reaches of the River. The practice of this dispatch in 2003 shows that: 1.the fine sediment deposited in Xiaolangdi Reservoir can be flushed out by density flow and muddy water flow; 2.the sediment being flushed out can be transported to the sea without deposit occurred in the lower reaches of the River; 3.the goal of coordinating the benefits of deposition reduction and flood disaster reduction can be achieved.