从岩石水力学观点看几个重大工程事故

20世纪下半叶发生了3次震惊水利水电工程界的重大工程事故：法国Malpasset双曲拱坝溃坝；意大利Vajout双曲拱坝近坝库区左岸发生2.5亿m3的大滑坡；美国Teton土坝在岩基坝段溃决。本文对事故作了简要介绍，在已有文献资料的基础上，从岩石水力学的观点分析讨论了工程事故的出事原因，可供水工建筑设计人员参考。

Analysis on several catastrophic failures of hydraulic projects in view of rock hydraulics

All the engineers of the world were heavily shocked by 3 most serious catastrophes of hydraulic projects happened in the second half of last century: the failure of 66mm high Malpasset arch dam in French in 1959; the tremendous landslide of 2.5 billion m3 at the 262m high Vajont arch dam in Italy in 1963; and the failure of 126.5m high Teton earth dam in US in 1976. The author analyzed the reasons of the failures in view of rock hydraulics on the basis of a lot of published official documents and papers written by scientists and engineers. Discussions were made and an explanation of the catastrophes was given, which may be of referential value to dam designers.