水足迹框架下稻田水资源利用效率综合评价

为综合评价稻田水资源利用效率，优选高效灌排模式，本文基于水足迹理论，考虑水资源利用率、水资源产出效益和水量及环境效益3个方面，构建稻田水资源利用效率综合评价指标体系，利用层次分析法和模糊综合评价模型对2015—2018年各处理稻田水资源利用效率进行综合评价，并与单个指标的评价进行对比。结果显示：各处理作物水足迹年均值分别为976.8（浅水勤灌）、1008.7（浅湿灌溉）、954.4（控制灌溉）和792.6 mm（蓄水-控灌），蓝、绿及灰水比例年均值分别为16.4%、40.9%和42.7%；水资源产出效益在水资源利用效率评价中占据首要位置；各处理稻田水资源利效率综合评分值在2.8058~3.9432之间，等级为中或中高，优选出的高效灌排模式为蓄水控灌；作物水分利用效率、作物水足迹与综合评价的对比表明水资源利用效率综合评价至关重要。基于水足迹的稻田水资源利用效率评价能够为农业用水效率评价提供一种新视角，为农业节水尤其是水稻节水的科学研究和决策提供实践依据。

Water use efficiency assessment of paddy rice based on the water footprint theory

In order to comprehensively evaluate agricultural water use efficiency (AWUE) of paddy rice and select efficient irrigation and drainage mode, experiments were conducted during four consecutive years (2015 to 2018). At first, water footprint and its composition of each treatment was analyzed. And then, considering water resource utilization rate,water resource output and benefit,and water volume and environmental impact, 13 indicators were selected to construct AWUE assessment system based on the water footprint theory. The calculation was done through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model. The results show that annual average crop water footprints of each treatment are 976.8 (frequent and shallow irrigation), 1008.7 (wet-shallow irrigation), 954.4 (controlled irrigation) and 792.6 (rain-catching and controlled irrigation) mm, respectively. And the annual proportion of blue, green and grey water footprint are 16.4%, 40.9% and 42.7%, respectively. The comprehensive assessment value of each treatment is between 2.8058 and 3.9432, indicating AWUE grades are medium or medium-high. The optimal irrigation and drainage mode is RC-CI. The comparison of crop water use efficiency and CWF with comprehensive evaluation shows that it is essential to evaluate AWUE comprehensively. AWUE assessment based on the water footprint theory can provide a new perspective for agricultural water use efficiency evaluation. And it is also helpful for scientific researchers and decision makers on efficient water use in agriculture,especially in rice field.