白格堰塞湖抢险处置应急管理与经验启示

基于2018年金沙江白格堰塞湖应急处置工作，全面总结了部际联合会商、央地协同联动等应急抢险工作机制，深入分析了金沙江中游梯级水库群联合调度削峰对防灾减灾所发挥的重要作用。研究表明，若无梨园水库拦蓄，将可能新增淹没面积约160 km²，必对沿江两岸造成更大的损失。据此认识到，迅速获取堰塞湖信息是抢险处置的前提，快速研判堰塞湖风险是重要支撑，精准分析溃决洪水是核心技术，协同联动工作机制是基本保证，动态抢险工程管理是科学方法，完善的高坝水库群是应对洪灾的根本手段。进而提出加强乏信息条件下堰塞湖多源信息快速获取与处理技术、乏信息条件下风险快速研判技术能力、抢险处置专用装备研发、抢险工程统筹管理和协同联动体系完善、高坝水库群开发建设和风险防控与应急调度体系建设等建议，为堰塞湖应急管理水平提升和流域综合防灾减灾提供借鉴。

Lessons and experiences from emergency management of Baige Barrier Lake on the Jinsha River,China

Based on the experience of emergency treatment of Baige Barrier Lake in the upper reaches of the Jinsha River in 2018, the joint emergency rescue work mechanism such as inter-ministerial joint consultation, central-local goverments coordination and linkage, emergency response social mobilization and disaster situation were summarized, and the possible disasters in the the Jinsha River if there is no cascade hydropower stations joint operation and regulation was deeply analyzed. The results show that without flood regulation of the Liyuan Hydropower Station,the inundation area would be increased about 160 km²,causing greater losses along the river. It is recognized that timely acquisition of barrier lake information is the prerequisite for emergency disposal, rapid risk assessment is the technolical support, accurate analysis of landslide dam break flood is the key, the coordination and linkage working mechanism is the guarantee, the dynamic rescue project management is the scientific method, and the perfect high-dam reservoirs is the fundamental way to deal with flood disasters. It is further proposed that (a) to strengthen the rapid acquisition and processing technology of multi-source information of barrier lake under the condition of lack information,(b) to strengthen the technical capability of rapid risk analysis and judgment under the condition of little information,(c) to strenghen the research and development of special equipment for emergency disposal of barrier lake,(d) to improve the overall management of emergency rescue projects and the perfect coordinated linkage system,(e) to strenghen the development of high dams and risk management and emergency dispatch system. It should provide references for the improvement of barrier lake risk disposal technology and the comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation of the river basin.