区际调水时空优化配置理论模型探讨

我国水资源供需平衡在空间上的巨大差异造成了区际调水的需求。在决策中常遇到的问题是：是否确实需要调水、调多少水和如何分水。在扣除保障用水(生活、生态、维持生产)之后，这3个问题都决定于调水的经济效益(利润和回报期).为此，本文提出了水资源在时间、部门和空间上的三维优化分配理论模型体系，包括含4类经济目标的目标集、7类变量组合的模型集和6种边际效益类型的边际效益集，由此可以组合成168种优化问题。实际问题可从中挑选对应者进行求解。作为例子，本文给出了若干分析解。

Theoretical models for space and temporal distribution of water resources

The significant imbalance between demand and available supply of water in different regions of China leads to the requirements of water transfer. Three questions always occur:whether the transfer is necessary or not, how much water should be transferred and how to distribute the water. Keeping enough amount of water for people's living, ecological use and least production the decision making is always based on the economic objectives including yearly profit, period of investment regain. To this end, a series of model for optimizing the space and temporal distribution of water resources and allocation of different sectors are proposed. Four types of economic objectives, 7 combinations of different variables and 6 types of marginal benefit for water resources utility are considered. Consequently, 168 types of optimization are formed, which correspond to different problems in practical use. As examples, some analytic solutions are given.