冬小麦生长与土壤-植物-大气连续体水热运移的耦合研究II:模型验证与应用

根据北京永乐店试验站的田间试验资料，得出冬小麦生长与土壤-植物-大气连续体(简称SPAC)水热运移耦合的WheatSPAC模型计算需要的土壤参数与冬小麦遗传参数。将模型的计算值与实测值进行比较，表明模型能够较好地模拟叶面积指数、干物质重、土壤水分温度等。利用WheatSPAC模型对不同灌溉条件下的田间水热状况与作物产量进行分析，得到结论：对于北京地区的气候条件，返青后作物蒸腾消耗占净辐射的50%以上；如果返青后墒情较好，在拔节期进行灌溉对冬小麦的最终产量最为有利；如果在拔节之后进行一次灌溉，则灌溉进行得越早对产量越有利；三水以后，随灌溉量的增加，产量的边际效益递减；返青后，降雨与灌溉的总量约240mm对冬小麦的生长比较适宜。

Study on coupling between winter wheat growth and water-heat transfer in soil-plant-atmosphere continuum II.Model verification and application

The observation data obtained from field experiment station are used to deduce the soil parameters and genetic parameters for calculation of WheatSPAC model proposed by the authors. The comparison between calculation result and observation data for winter wheat shows that the model can be satisfactorily used to simulate the leave area index, weight of dry material, soil temperature and soil moisture. On this basis, the WheatSPAC model is applied to analyze the influences of irrigation treatments and water-heat conditions on wheat yield. It is found that the evapotranspiration consumption will be more than half of the net radiation gained by the plant after its turning green. In case the soil moisture is sufficient, the irrigation carried out in jointing stage will be benefit to the crop yield and the irrigation should be completed as early as possible. After three times of irrigation the marginal benefit of yield will decrease with the increase of irrigation water amount. The best irrigation water amount including the raining is about 240mm.