水贫乏指数的概念及其在中国主要流域的初步应用

介绍了水贫乏指数WPI(Water Poverty Index)的概念及其计算方法，指出WPI是一种可以定量评价国家或地区间相对缺水程度的综合性指标。该指标考虑了资源、工程、管理、经济、环境等多方面因素，具体包括5个要素：即潜在水资源状况、供水设施状况、利用能力、使用效率和环境状况。本文将改进的WPI均衡计算方法应用于我国主要流域，结果表明，辽河、海河、淮河、黄河流域的缺水程度严重，长江和珠江流域的缺水程度相对较低，与我国水资源的客观状况基本相符，基本反映了我国各大流域间的相对缺水现状及相应的水资源管理水平。最后，依据WPI各要素的雷达图，初步分析了导致各流域缺水的主要原因和威胁其水资源安全的主要因素。另外，文中对 WPI方法的适用性和有待改进之处也进行了讨论。

Water poverty index and its application to main river basins in China

The Water Poverty Index (WPI) is an integrated indicator used for quantitatively assessing the national/regional water scarcity, which takes natural, social, economic and environmental factors into account. In this paper the methodology of WPI is applied to evaluate the water resources status in the main river basins of China. The results show that relative degrees of water scarcity in these main river basins are in the order as: the Liaohe River Basin, the Haihe River Basin, the Huaihe River Basin, the Yellow River Basin, the Songhuajiang River Basin, the Yangtze River Basin and the Pearl River Basin. The WPI pentagrams clearly indicate the causes of water scarcity in these basins. Not only can the WPI illustrate the basic situations of the water resources in these river basins, but also the harmony of the water management with the economic development and environmental protection. This paper also discusses the applicability and possible improvement of the WPI methodology. The WPI offers a simple and effective way for water resources assessment and provides a useful reference for water resources management.