淮河中上游水生态健康影响因子及其健康评价

在对淮河中上游10个断面水体理化指标、浮游植物、浮游动物、底栖动物及栖息地状况等实地调查和监测的基础上,结合提出的河流水生态健康定义,采用频度统计法和相关性分析法对评价指标进行筛选,并用熵权法确定指标权重,构建水生态健康评价指标体系和健康评价标准体系;运用水生态健康综合指数法和水体水质综合污染指数对河流水生态健康状况进行评价,并根据评价结果提出对策和建议。结果表明:60%的监测断面处于"亚病态"或"病态"水平,其中监测断面D5(槐店闸)处于"病态"水平;综合污染指数表明该河段水体均存在一定程度的污染,其中监测断面D5是"重污染"。研究表明淮河中上游水生态退化较严重,需要加强水生态修复及水环境污染综合治理。

Impact factors and health assessment of aquatic ecosystem in Upper and Middle Huai River Basin

Based on the investigation of water quality, phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthonic animal and habitat conditions of 10 hydrologic sections in upper and middle Huai River Basin on December, 2012, and combined with the proposed definition of the water ecological health of river, the indicators for the health assessment of aquatic ecosystem were screened by the methods of frequency statistics and correlation analysis, and the weights of these indicators were determined with entropy method. Health assessment indicator system and health assessment standard system for rivers were constructed, and comprehensive index method of water ecological health and comprehensive pollution index of water quality were used to evaluate river ecosystem health, respectively. Then, according to the evaluation results, the counter measures and suggestions were put forward. Among the sections evaluated, 60% of them were in"sub-morbid" or"morbidity" grade, and monitoring cross section D₅ (Huaidian Sluice) was "morbid" grade; the results of water quality comprehensive pollution index showed that all the monitoring cross sections had pollution,and monitoring cross section D₅ even was"heavy pollution". The findings suggest that the water ecological degradation of the upper and middle Huai River Basin is more serious, and it is necessary need to further strengthen the ecological restoration and comprehensive management of water pollution.