黄河下游河流最小生态环境需水量初步研究

根据河流生态环境需水量的概念，针对黄河河流系统的主要功能目标，利用1950年以来的观测资料，分析了黄河下游河流各类最小生态环境需水量。研究表明，黄河下游汛期最小生态环境需水量主要由输沙用水的需求决定，由于黄河下游汛期占全年的大部分来沙量，因而在汛期需水量应该首先满足输沙功能的最低要求。在非汛期，高村、艾山、利津三部对应的各种功能所需临界流量也以输沙需水量为最大，但因该阶段各个河段输沙效率较低，可以优先考虑河流污染防治功能与河流生态功能，取其所需临界流量中较大的一个作为河流生态环境需水量。

Minimum water demand for ecosystem protection in the Lower Yellow River

Based on the concept of water demand of river ecosystem, this paper discussed the minimum water demand for protection of ecological and environmental functions in the Lower Yellow River. The thresholds of various water demands for primary riverine functions such as pollution prevention, ecological protection, sediment transportation and estuarine conservation are analyzed according to the measured data from 1950 to 1998. As results, the minimum water demands in different periods and different reaches of the River are derived in terms of either discharge or total runoff. During the wet season, the minimum water demand for sediment transport could cover what required by other function. During the dry season, however, priority should be given to the water demands for both pollution prevention and ecological protection.