干旱区草型湖泊悬浮固体浓度及水深的遥感与分析

本文以干旱区草型湖泊乌梁素海为研究区，以1986～2004年间8个典型年的同期多波段Landsat ETM／TM遥感图像数据及2002～2004年的实测数据为信息源，应用多光谱混合分析法建立了悬浮固体浓度S与通过TM1、TM2、TM3三波段反射率计算求得的高悬浮固体成分比例之间的关系方程。经过应用分析得出：乌梁素海悬浮固体浓度总趋势逐年增加；1991年后各典型年悬浮固体浓度呈现出15大于入口，入口又大于海中的特点，且悬浮固体浓度与水环境因子的变化特征基本一致；2002年年内，悬浮固体浓度呈现秋初大于冬初，冬初又大于夏初的特点。此外，应用水深遥感原理，通过遥感图像多波段反射率组合的优化对比，建立了水深Z与前3个波段反射率组合的回归方程，结果表明乌梁素海生物填平速度呈逐年增加趋势，水深的空间分布呈现出从南到北递减的趋势，而水底形态呈现出从南至北递增的趋势。

Analysis of suspended sediment concentration and water depthin grass type lakes by means of remote sensing

The remote sensing image data in the period of 1986 to 2004 and the in-situ observation data from 2002 to 2004 are used to analysis the suspended sediment concentration and water depth in the Wuliangsuhai Lake located in arid district of Inner Mongolia, China. The relationship between suspended sediment concentration and the composition of solid suspension calculated according to the reflecfivity of waves TM1, TM2 and TM3 is established. The analysis result shows that the concentration of solid suspension increases year after year, the concentration at the exit is higher than that at the entrance and the concentration at the entrance is higher than that in lake. This variation agrees with the change of the characteristics of water environmental factors. Furthermore, the regressive relationship between water depth and reflectivity is established according to the satellite remote sensing images. It is concluded that the biological fill up rate of the lake is increasing and the water depth in the lake exhibits decreasing trend from north to south.