美国奥罗维尔坝溢洪道事故分析与启示

奥罗维尔坝溢洪道事故为美国大坝安全管理敲响了警钟,也提醒世界各国应足够重视大坝安全管理。在全面梳理奥罗维尔坝历次重大风险事件的基础上,系统阐述了2017年美国奥罗维尔坝主溢洪道、应急溢洪道事故的详细过程,深入分析事故发生的原因。分析表明,此次事故的发生是工程设计、施工建设、运行管理多方面长期积累的系统性问题,其中设计与施工缺陷是先天不足,运行维护和应急管理及其相关机制的缺陷是后天隐患。本文由此次事故反映的问题获得启示,从设计、建设、运行及应急管理方面对我国大坝安全管理提出了建议,呼吁相关部门加快建立贯穿大坝全生命周期的风险管理体系。

Lessons from the Oroville Dam spillway failure analysis

The Oroville Dam spillway failure not only attaches importance to the United States for dam safe-ty management, but also reminds to all countries in the world. On the basis of comprehensively reviewing the major risk event of the Oroville Dam in US,this paper systematically elaborates the failure process of Oroville main spillway and emergency spillway and deeply analyzes the possible cause and solutions. The re-sult shows that the cause of this failure should be a systematic problem which accumulated in a long-term in many aspects, such as project design, construction and operation management. The spillway design and construction defects are inherent risk,and the insufficient of operation and management mechanisms are hu-man risk. According to the major issues reflected in the incident,the authors has made proposals in terms of dam design, construction, operation and emergency management, and call on the relevant departments in China to speed up the establishment of the lifecycle dam risk management system.