黄河下游河道平衡输沙的沙量阈值研究

考虑黄河未来可能的水资源条件,以及生态保护、经济社会发展多目标对水量年内过程分布需求,根据黄河下游水沙资料、河道冲淤资料,采用实测资料分析、公式计算、数学模型模拟等多种方法研究了有利于黄河下游河流生态良性维持的平衡输沙的沙量阈值。未来进入黄河下游的年来水量为250亿m~3左右,实测资料分析和公式计算表明,未来较小的平衡输沙阈值为2.0～2.2亿t。数学模型计算在小浪底水库等现有工程联合调控作用下黄河下游平衡输沙的临界沙量为2.5亿t。中游古贤水库建成后和小浪底水库联合调度,可以进一步提高汛期的输沙效率,平衡输沙的沙量阈值可进一步提高。研究成果对黄河下游治理具有重要意义,可为黄河泥沙处置措施优化提供技术支撑。

The threshold value of equilibrium sediment transport in the Lower Yellow River

Considering the possible water resource conditions of the Yellow River in the future,and the annual demand of water distribution process for multi-objective of ecological protection and social-economic development, the sediment threshold of equilibrium transportation in favor of maintaining the river ecology in the lower Yellow River was studied by means of the analysis of measured data,formula calculation and mathematical model simulation on the basis of the water and sediment data and river erosion data in the lower Yellow River. About 25 billion m³ of water will enter the lower Yellow River annually,and the threshold value of equilibrium sediment transport calculated by the measured data analysis and theoretical formula is 200-220 million tons, and the critical value of equilibrium sediment transport calculated by mathematical model is 250 million tons under the combined regulate and control of Xiaolangdi Reservoir and other existing engineering conditions. After the completion of Guxian reservoir and Xiaolangdi Reservoir in the middle Yellow River, the sediment transport efficiency can be further improved, and the threshold value of equilibrium sediment transport can be further increased. The research results are of great significance to the regulation of the lower Yellow River and can provide technical support for the optimization of sediment disposal measures of the Yellow River.