流域系统科学初探

随着人类社会对河流乃至流域影响广度、深度和强度的不断增加,对流域系统内部不同要素之间的互馈关系和博弈关系研究的不断拓展和深入,以致流域系统治理及其战略研究已经超过传统学科的范畴,亟需建立新的学科支撑体系。本文基于近十年的探索研究,提出了流域系统科学的概念,并对其研究对象、科学内涵、科学问题、研究方法及研究前景进行了全面阐释。流域系统科学以物质、能量、信息、价值流动过程为纽带,以行洪输沙-生态环境-社会经济三大子系统组成的流域复杂巨系统为研究对象,其基础研究需求包括各子系统内部演化过程与机理、各子系统间相互作用关系与协同演化机制、流域系统协调发展策略与战略布局3个层面。流域系统科学以传统学科为基础支撑,基于系统理论和方法探索制约流域治理保护和区域社会经济高质量发展的协同博弈关系,通过全流域系统观测网络和大数据平台建设,构建流域系统治理集成研讨厅,为流域系统治理保护与管理的战略研究提供科学的理论方法体系。

Exploration of watershed system science

With the rapid social and economic development, human-beings'' influence on rivers and watersheds has been strengthened continuously. Those components of watersheds, including hydrologic sediment, social economy and ecological environment, interact with each other closely, making strategy research on watershed system beyond a simple engineering discipline field. Based on about last 10 years'' exploration, this paper has put forward the definition of Watershed System Science (WSS), and illustrated the research object, scientific connotation, scientific problems, research methods and perspective of WSS comprehensively. WSS is the bond of matter-energy-information-value in a watershed, whose research object is a complex giant system composed by three sub-systems of water and sediment discharging,ecological and environmental maintaining,and social and economic development,while the scientific connotation includes the evolution process and mechanism in one sub-system, the interactions and synergistic evolution mechanisms between different sub-systems and the coordinated development policy and strategic layout of watershed system. Based on traditional disciplines and system theory, the WSS explores the cooperative and competitive relations between watershed system governance and regional social-economic high quality development. Through building the system observing network and big-data platform, a metasynthetic engineering workshop hall for watershed system governance will be established, which provides a scientific theory and methodology system for strategic study on protection and governance of watershed system.