黄河中游地区淤地坝减洪减沙及减蚀作用研究

本文对黄河中游河龙区间及泾河、北洛河、渭河流域淤地坝的减洪减沙及减蚀作用进行了深入地分析和研究。提出了淤地坝减洪量、拦泥量和减蚀量的计算方法；对淤地坝的减蚀量进行了分析和计算。分析研究结果表明：作为多沙粗沙区核心地区的河龙区间，1970～1996年淤地坝减洪减沙量分别占水土保持措施减洪减沙总量的59.3%和64.7%，其减洪减沙作用十分明显。1970～1996年，河龙区间及泾河、北洛河、渭河流域淤地坝年均减沙达1.138亿t，可为黄河下游减少淤积0.285亿t；可减少冲沙用水22.8亿m3；节约清淤费用85.5亿元。淤地坝建设的生态效益、社会效益和经济效益十分显著。为此，建议黄河中游黄土高原地区应以淤地坝建设为重点，全面推进水土保持生态建设。

Effect of soil-retaining dams on flood and sediment reduction in middle reaches of Yellow River

The effect of soil-retaining dams on reduction of flood, sediment and erosion in middle reaches of the Yellow River from Hekouzhen to Longmen, Jinghe River basin, North Luohe River basin and Weihe River basin, are analyzed according to the observation data. The formulas for calculating the flood reduction, sediment reduction and erosion reduction are established accordingly. The analysis shows that, in the period from 1970 to 1996, the reduction of flood and sediment are 59.3% and 64.7% of the totals respectively due to the implementation of water and soil conservation. The effect of soil-retaining dams is remarkable. The soil-retaining dams not only reduces the coarse sediment discharged from the middle reaches to downstream reaches but also promotes the ecological, social and economical advantages of the whole river basin.