美国基西米河生态修复工程的经验

美国佛罗里达州基西米河1962～1971年的河道渠化工程，将本来蜿蜒的天然河流变成了几段近似直线的人工运河，提高了河道的排洪能力，但同时也对河流生态环境造成了严重的负面影响。为了恢复河流原有的生态面貌，进行了一系列的生态修复试验，包括改变上游水库的运用方式，塑造具有季节性变化的来流条件；修建拦河坝，人为抬高水位以恢复两岸的湿地；回填被渠化的河道，恢复其自然蜿蜒状态。基西米的经验告诉我们，在利用渠化工程行洪时，不可忽视其对生态影响；通过恢复河道的自然水文水力条件进而重建其生态环境是有效措施。

Review of the ecosystem restoration of Kissimmee River in USA

The Kissimmee River, a naturally meandering stream, was reformed into a man-made canal from 1962 to 1971. The cannel consists of several basically straight reaches. The discharge capacity of the river was improved after channelization and the flood control standard was elevated. At the same time, the adverse effect on ecosystem of the river basin emerged. Studies and experiments were carried out for restoration of the ecolgical function of the river and a large-scale river restoration project for the whole river was launched in 1990.The restoration plan includes the modification of water regulation schedule for upper chain of lakes to reestablish seasonal inflow to the lower basin, building the flow-control structures to raise water levels and floodplain inundations frequency, backfilling of the earth to the canal and restoring the meandering characteristic of the river. The lesson of the Kissimmee River shows that proper consideration should be given to the adverse ecolgical effects when channeling a river to improve its flood control capacity.