水库生态调度模型及其应用

为了减轻水利工程对河流生态系统造成的不利影响,针对汉江中下游的主要生态问题,结合不同时期生态因子和水文观测资料,分析计算了汉江的最小生态流量、适宜生态流量以及四大家鱼产卵所需要的洪水脉冲过程。通过建立丹江口水库生态调度模型,选取典型代表年,对丹江口水库进行河流生态需水量和人造洪水调度。计算结果表明,丰水年和平水年能满足最小和适宜生态流量的需求,典型枯水年能满足最小生态流量,特枯年份无法满足适宜生态流量过程。分析了生态调度对水库发电效益产生的影响,丰水年影响甚微,平水年和枯水年的影响逐渐加大。通过水库的人造洪水调度可以满足四大家鱼产卵所需要的洪水脉冲环境。实施水库的生态调度有益于人水和谐的可持续发展。

Reservoir ecological operation model and its application

In order to reduce the negative influence of hydraulic engineering on fiver ecology system, reservoir operation methods should give attention to ecological operation. The minimum ecological flow, appropriate ecological flow and ecological flood pulse process which are meaningful for the spawning of four major Chinese carps in the Hanjiang River were analyzed and calculated. Ecological operation model of Danjiangkou Reservoir has been established for river ecological water demand and simulation of ecological flood operation. Progressive optimization algorithm is used to solve the model. The impact of the ecological objectives to the original function of reservoir was analyzed. The results show that the minimum and appropriate ecological flow are satisfied in high and normal flow years, the minimum ecological flow is also satisfied in typical low flow years, but the appropriate flow can not be satisfied. There are different influences of ecological operation on economic benefit of hydropower station. Reservoir ecological operation can simulate the flood pulse for requirement of spawning of four major Chinese carps and is beneficial to sustainable development of the human-water harmony.