流域水沙资源优化配置理论与模型及其在黄河下游的应用

本文在分析流域水沙资源利用现状、水沙灾害性及水沙优化配置必要性的基础上，构建了流域水沙资源联合多目标优化配置理论框架，它由河床演变均衡稳定理论和水沙资源联合多目标优化配置理论组成，进而建立了流域水沙资源优化配置数学模型，该模型包括河床演变均衡稳定模型和水沙资源多目标优化配置模型两个子模型。应用模型计算分析了黄河下游主河槽的均衡稳定断面尺寸和输水输沙优化的临界指标，提出了强化非恒定流调水调沙、调控含沙量60～100kg/m3之间的不利水沙条件等改善小浪底水库调度运用的措施，并进一步提出了黄河下游水沙资源多目标优化配置的模式, 应用模型计算分析了不同水沙条件的水沙资源优化配置方案,为黄河下游河道的科学治理提供了新的思路。

Optimal deployment theory and mathematical model of water and sediment resources in basin and their applications in the lower Yellow River

Based on the current status of water and sediment resources utilization and the disasters of flood and sediment as well as their importance of optimal deployment in basin,the optimal deployment theory of water and sediment resources in basin was established,which includes the regime theory of riverbed evolution and the optimal co-deployment theory of water and sediment resources for multi-objectives.An optimal deployment mathematical model of water and sediment resources in basin was established.The model consists of two sub-models:model of riverbed evolution in regime and model of optimal deployment for multi-objectives of water and sediment resources in basin.The mathematical model was applied to compute the regime sizes of channel sections and the critical optimal indexes of water and sediment transport in the lower Yellow River.The measures for Xiaolangdi reservoir to improve the regulation of flow and sediment such as enhancing the unsteady flow and regulating the unfavor sediment flow with concentration 60-100kg/m~3 were presented.The optimal deployment schemes of water and sediment resources were computed on various inflow conditions in the lower Yellow River,which offered an new idea to the scientific management and harnessing of the lower Yellow River.