基于自组织理论的黄土坡面细沟形成机理模型

作为面蚀向沟蚀转化的特殊阶段，细沟侵蚀在坡面侵蚀机理的研究中有着重要的意义。本文在对坡面侵蚀特点进行分析的基础上，应用自组织理论的基本思想建立了描述黄土坡面细沟形成和发育过程的模拟模型。分析表明，坡地侵蚀过程中降雨及微地貌对应于自组织系统中的无序输入，而纹沟、细沟和沟网等对应于自组织系统的有序输出。基于自组织理论的机理模型可以定量地预测坡面细沟发育的过程，而这些信息在过去只能依靠实验观测获得。模型预测与相同输入条件下的室内实验结果相近，从而说明了模型的合理性。本模型中未计入雨滴击溅的影响，这一影响也在计算结果中得到了反映。文中还对模型中参数选择的影响进行了讨论。

Modeling of rill evolution on loess slope in terms of concept of self-organization

Rill erosion plays a very important role in the study of slope erosion. Based on the review of methods widely used in the study of rill erosion, characteristics of slope evolution are analyzed and a model is developed based on the concept of self-organization. The model could be used for simulating rill evolution processes on loess slopes, in which the rainfall and micro-landform are corresponding to the disarranged input and the rills are corresponding to the regular output. The modeling results are in good agreement with experimental data. The splash erosion is not considered in the model, but the effect of the simulation and other controlling factors in the model are analyzed.