黄河下游河道健康状况评价与治理对策

河流健康包括河道健康、河流生态系统健康和河流的社会经济价值.本文以黄河下游河道健康为研究对象,分析了河流健康与河道健康的关系,采用8个评价指标对黄河下游河道健康状况进行了评价,结果表明:20世纪50～60年代黄河下游3个河段健康状况较好,为健康与亚健康等级,70年代以后3个河段健康状况逐年恶化,至2000年左右健康状况达到最低点,特别是花园口-高村河段,为亚病态等级,2000年以后由于黄河水量统一调度和小浪底水库调水调沙等下游河道健康状况有了较大程度的好转,达到亚健康等级.维持黄河下游河道健康的有效途径是"增水、减沙、调节水沙过程",建立完善的黄河水沙调控体系足今后黄河治理的重要措施之一,本文还提出了多沙粗沙区治理、修建古贤水库、塑造与维持下游中水河槽等6项黄河下游治理的相关措施.

Health assessment of river course in Lower Yellow River and measures for regulation

The connotation of river health includes river course health, river ecosystem health and river social economy value. The relationship between rive health and river course health in Lower Yellow River was analyzed and 8 indexes were adopted to assess the health of river course. The result showed that the health of 3 river sections in the period from 1950s to 1960s is fairly good, ranking the health and sub health grade. But it became worse since 1970s and reached the worst, especially in the reaches from Huayuankou to Gaocun, which was assessed as the sub morbid grade. After the implementation of centralized management of the water of Yellow River and regulation of water and sediment by the Xiaolangdi Reservoir, the health of rive course became better since 2000, which was assesses as sub health grade. It may conclude that the efficient ways to maintain river course health of the Lower Yellow River are increasing water, reducing sediment and adjusting the process of flow and sediment. Establishing and improving flow sediment regulation system is one of the most important ways to manage the Yellow River in the future.