水资源定价方法与实践研究Ⅰ:水资源价值内涵浅析

针对我国水资源价值理论不健全、水资源定价体系不完善的问题,本文对价值的内涵进行辨析,并从政治经济学的角度分析了价值的经济特性,以经典价值论界定了水资源的全属性价值。评价水资源价值首先要基于特定的社会历史阶段,明确评价的主体和客体,从不同的角度来评价,水资源全属性价值包括使用价值、产权价值、劳动价值、补偿价值,水资源各种价值属性最终反映为市场价值,并通过价格来反映。由于水资源的公益性特性,经济社会用水价格通过政府定价实现,应当包括水资源费、生产成本和环境补偿费,用影子价格作为综合定价的基础。在水资源管理过程中,将水资源费作为水价调控的手段,利用价格杠杆和必要的行政手段实现水资源在生活、生产、生态中的合理分配。

Study on water pricing method and practice Ⅰ.Discussion on the connotation of water resources value

The economic characteristic of value was analyzed from the viewpoint of political economics,and the attribute of value of water resources was defined based on classic axiology.The evaluation of water resources should be based on the particular stage of society and history,and both the subject and object should be determined.The comprehensive values of water resources include use value,property value,labor value and compensative value,and each value will be reflected by marketable value,which will be measured by price.For the public benefit of water resources,the price of water should be determined by government which includes water resources fee,production cost and environmental compensation fee based on shadow price.For achieving rational water resources allocation among livelihood,production and ecology,the necessary pricing measures and administrative methods should be included in management,among which water resources fee should be an important measure.