健康黄河的内涵及其指标

本文从河流的自然和社会属性角度，基于健康河流的概念阐述了河流生命、河流健康的科学内涵，认为河流健康是人们对河流生命存在状态的描述，健康的河流是河流的社会功能与自然功能能够取得平衡的河流。河流的健康应包括连续的河川径流、通畅安全的水沙通道、良好的水质、良性运行的河流生态系统和一定的供水能力。利用黄河1956～2004年实测资料，论证了表征健康黄河标志的低限流量、河道最大排洪能力、平滩流量、滩地横比降、水质类别、湿地规模、水生生物、供水能力等指示因子的阈值范围。

Essence and indicators of the healthy Yellow River

On the basis of the definition of healthy river, the essence of river's life and health standards of river are discussed from the viewpoints of natural and social properties of rivers. The health of a river is regarded as the appraisal of its life and the assessment of its current situation. A healthy river must be a river with equilibrium of natural function and social function. It is suggested that the existence of continuous runoff, expedite and safe channel or water and sediment transport, high quality water, well cycling ecosystem and having a certain water supply capacity should be the major indexes for describing the health of the Yellow River. The hydrologic data from 1956 to 2004 are used to analyze the threshold of the relevant indexes including the minimum flow, maximum flood discharging capacity, bank_full discharge, water quality, wetland area, aquatic life and capacity of water supply.