钱塘江河口水资源供需分析及有效利用对策

随着人口增长和社会经济发展,钱塘江河口区向钱塘江取水的需求增长,但因径流季节和年际变幅大、河口环境和生态需水量多、水资源管理体制滞后及水污染加剧等原因,可利用水资源十分有限。采用水文模拟法分析河口径流量,在河口区需水预测及环境和生态需水量分析的基础上,进行了水资源的供需平衡分析,得到不同水平年的缺水程度。如何在水资源合理利用的同时实现环境和生态需水,是当前环境和生态需水研究面临的瓶颈问题,本文针对钱塘江河口的环境特征,提出调整优质用水取水口、增强新安江水库供水功能、实施河口取水调度规则、加强河口环境容量研究等主要对策;并依据咸水入侵模型模拟结果,给出钱塘江河口水资源调度规则的初步成果。

Water balance analysis and water resources utilization in qiantang estuary

Water requirement from Qiantang estuary is increasing with the population growth and social economy development.The available freshwater of Qiantang estuary is very limited because of timely uneven distributed runoff,large environmental and ecological water requirement,incomplete water resources management and declining water quality.Accordant estuarine runoff series was gotten based on hydrological simulation model,afterwards,water demand and supply balance analysis among the estuarine runoff,social water demand,environmental and ecological water demand was studied.The balance analysis disclosed the potential water shortage in Qiantang estuary.How to realize environmental and ecological water demand in water allocation is the delicate problem presently,taking the characteristics of Qiantang estuary into account,this paper put forward effective measures including moving the domestic water intakes upstream,enhance water supply functions of Xin'an Jiang reservoir,formulating water dispatching rules,and strengthen environmental capacity research.Finally,according to the simulation result of 1-D saltwater intrusion model,primary water dispatching rules was advanced.