我国鱼道的建设现状与展望

总结分析了国内外鱼道建设特别是我国2000年以来的鱼道修建、鱼道设计研究(鱼道类型、鱼道位置与水力设计参数三方面)概况,分析显示近年来我国鱼道修建以垂直竖缝式和仿自然鱼道为主,且对应的坝高范围也比较广,鱼道深度基本为2.5～3.0m,流速为0.6～1.2m;剖析了我国鱼道建设存在的主要问题是缺乏正确的鱼道发展认识,鱼道技术与管理制度方面也存在不足;提出了鱼道适应性管理理念,通过监测管理发现问题重新调整鱼道设计、运行及管理方案,以期发挥鱼道的最大效益;展望鱼道发展需要制度保证,完善技术规范,重视基础研究且加强学科间合作,切实落实鱼道适应性管理。

Status and prospection of fish pass construction in China

By summarizing and analyzing the construction status of fish passes,this paper pointed out that the main types of fish pass in china are vertical slot pass and close-to-nature pass.For dams at different heights,the depths of fish passes generally are 2.5m~3.0m with the flow velocities of 0.6m~1.2m.There are some problems in research,design,construction and management of fish passes.In order to improve the design,operation and management of fish passes,some new management ideas are proposed.For developing the fish passes,the following aspects are pending for impoved including the perfection of technology criterion,strengthening the fundamental research and the collaboration of different sections.