计算河段最小生态需水的生态水力学法

水文学法与水力学法对河道生态需水量采用的方法都比较宏观，没有仔细考虑水生生物水力生境需求。本文提出了计算河道最小生态基流量的生态水力学法，该法是通过目标水生生物适宜的水力生境确定河段最小生态需水量，文章对河道水力模拟，水生物生境描述等理论进行了研究，同时结合目标水生生物对水力生境的需求，重点研究水深、流速、湿周、水面宽、过水断面的面积、水面面积、水温等水力生境参数；急流、缓流、浅滩及深潭等水力形态的指标表现形式。本文提出的生态水力学法具有直观、定量的特点，为河道确定生态基流量提供了一套较具体、可行的方法。

Eco-hydraulics method of calculating the lowest ecological water demand in river channels

The hydrological method and the hydraulic method of calculating water demand in river channels do not consider habitat requirement of aquatic organisms. The authors propose the eco-hydraulics method of calculating the lowest ecological flow in river channels. This method determines the lowest ecological flow in river channels by satisfying hydraulic habitat of objective aquatic biology. The theory of hydraulic simulation of channels and habitat of aquatic biology are studied in this paper. Emphasis has been made on the parameterization of hydraulic habitat requirement of aquatic biology. These hydraulic factors include water depth, velocity, water surface width, wetted perimeter ratio, cross section area, and water surface area. The hydraulic form includes torrent, subcritical flow, riffle, deep pool. This method has sensible and quantifiable characteristics. It is easy to understand and apply, which provides a feasible means to determine the ecological basing flow in rive channels.