Fish Habitat Use Within and Across Wetland Classes in Coastal Wetlands of the Five Great Lakes: Development of a Fish-based Index of Biotic Integrity |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46656, USA;2. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46656, USA;3. Illinois Natural History Survey, Lake Michigan Biological Station, 400 17 St., Zion, IL 60099, USA;4. Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;5. School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA;6. Bishops Mills Natural History Centre, RR#2 Bishops Mills, Ontario K0G 1T0, Canada;7. Department of Biology, Indiana State University, 600 Chestnut Street, Terre Haute, IN 47809, USA;8. Prairie Research Institute, Illinois Natural History Survey, 1816 S. Oak St, Champaign, IL 61820, USA;9. Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43212, USA;10. Institute for Great Lakes Research, CMU Biological Station and Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA;1. Institute for a Sustainable Environment, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA;2. Department of Biology, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA;1. Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia;2. CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag 12, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia;3. The Cairns Institute, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4871, Australia;4. Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia;5. Federation University Australia, Water Research Network, Mt Helen, VIC 3353, Australia;6. Office of Water, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia;7. Centre for Ecosystem Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia;8. Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury-Wodonga, NSW 2640, Australia;9. School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;10. School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;11. ACEAS, Australian Centre for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a facility of the Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia |
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| Abstract: | The relative importance of Great Lake, ecoregion, wetland type, and plant zonation in structuring fish community composition was determined for 61 Great Lakes coastal wetlands sampled in 2002. These wetlands, from all five Great Lakes, spanned nine ecoregions and four wetland types (open lacustrine, protected lacustrine, barrier-beach, and drowned river mouth). Fish were sampled with fyke nets, and physical and chemical parameters were determined for inundated plant zones in each wetland. Land use/cover was calculated for 1- and 20-km buffers from digitized imagery. Fish community composition within and among wetlands was compared using correspondence analyses, detrended correspondence analyses, and non-metric multidimensional scaling. Within-site plant zonation was the single most important variable structuring fish communities regardless of lake, ecoregion, or wetland type. Fish community composition correlated with chemical/physical and land use/cover variables. Fish community composition shifted with nutrients and adjacent agriculture within vegetation zone. Fish community composition was ordinated from Scirpus, Eleocharis, and Zizania, to Nuphar/Nymphaea, and Pontederia/Sagittaria/Peltandra to Spargainium to Typha. Once the underlying driver in fish community composition was determined to be plant zonation, data were stratified by vegetation type and an IBI was developed for coastal wetlands of the entire Great Lakes basin. |
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