基于水足迹理论的玛纳斯河流域水资源评价

以1990,1995,2000,2005,2010年和2015年为时间序列,对玛纳斯河流域水足迹进行测算和分析;并利用水资源集约利用度、水资源进口依赖度和社会化水资源稀缺指数,对该流域水资源状况进行了评价。评价结果表明:①在研究时段内,玛纳斯河流域总的水足迹和人均水足迹呈现出同步增长的趋势,总水足迹在25 a内增加了3.2倍,人均水足迹在25 a内增长了近3.0倍。②玛纳斯河流域用水结构失衡,其中农业用水量所占比例最高,且呈现出明显的增长趋势,但是总体情况日趋好转。③玛纳斯河流域水资源集约利用度不断上升,由1990年的1.12元/m~3上升到了2015年的13.34元/m~3,水资源利用程度愈加充分。④玛纳斯河流域的社会化水资源稀缺指数在1990年和2005年处于有压力状态,在1995年处于紧缺状态,在2000,2010年和2015年处于相对富余状态。根据评价结果,提出了能促进玛纳斯河流域水资源可持续利用的建议及改进对策。

Water resources assessment of Manas River basin based on water footprint theory

We measured and analyzed the water footprint of the Manas River basin in the years of 1990,1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 and evaluated the water resources status in the basin by considering the intensive degree of water use, water resources import dependence and social water resource scarcity index (SWSI). The results show: ① during the study period, total water footprint and per capita water footprint of the Manas River basin grew simultaneously. Within twenty-five years, the total water footprint increased by 3.2 times, and the per capita water footprint increased nearly three times. ② The water use structure in the basin was imbalanced. Agricultural water consumption took up the highest proportion and grew continuously, which generally tended to get better. ③ The intensiveness of water use in the basin had increased from 1.12 yuan per cubic meter in 1990 to 13.34 yuan per cubic meter in 2015, and water resources utilization had become more efficient. ④ The SWSI of the basin was in a stressful state between 1990 and 2005, and it became scarce in 1995, but was in a relatively abundant state in 2000, 2010 and 2015. The suggestions of promoting the sustainable use of water resources in the Manas River basin are proposed.