南水北调中线水源地饮用水源保护区划分研究

丹江口水库水质安全是南水北调中线工程的生命线,开展中线水源地饮用水水源保护区划分是“一库清水”永续北送的重要保障,也是中线工程成功的关键之一。针对中线水源地特点,以南水北调中线陶岔渠首为核心开展了保护区划分工作,在分析国内外保护区划分成功经验的基础上,提出了南水北调中线水源地饮用水水源保护区划分的基本原则和方法。结合丹江口水库分流情况、污染源对调水水质的影响以及污染物浓度年龄时空分布特征等,采用类比经验法、不利排污情景法以及应急响应法等3种方法,提出了中线水源地一级保护区水域范围。在此基础上,应用饮用水水源保护区划分技术规范推荐方法,辅以GIS技术,分别划分一级保护区陆域范围、二级保护区范围以及准保护区范围,并对各方案进行了分析比较。研究成果有利于协调周边省份和地区的水环境保护管理,推动水源保护立法,为南水北调中线供水水质长期稳定达标提供重要保障,体现新时期“水生态文明建设”理念。

Study on division of drinking water source protection zone of water resources area in Middle Route Project of South to North Water Diversion

The water quality safety of Danjiangkou Reservoir is the lifeline of Middle Route Project of South to North Water Diversion. Therefore, to carry out the drinking water source protection zoning is an effective way to guarantee the sustainable diversion of clean water to the north, which is one of the keys to the success of the project. Aiming at the special characteristics of water sources protection areas, the protected areas around Taocha channel head are considered as the core zone, then the basic principles and methods of the drinking water source protection area division are proposed by referring to the experiences at home and abroad. By combining with the diversion situation of Danjiangkou Reservoir, such as the impact of pollution on water quality and the spatial and temporal distribution of pollutant concentration age, etc., the primary drinking water source protection areas are divided by using three methods including the experience analogy method, the unfavorable scenario method of pollutant discharging and emergency response method. On this basis, combining with GIS technology, the primary drinking water source protection areas, the second drinking water source protection areas as well as quasi-protected areas are divided by using the recommended method from drinking water source protection zoning specifications. The division programs are compared. The results will be beneficial to water environmental management coordination of related regions and helpful to the promotion of water protection legislation and also provide guarantee for the qualified water quality of Middle Route Project of South to North Water Diversion in long run, which embodies the concept of "water ecological civilization" in the new era.