生态敏感区景观安全评价与时空变化研究——以湖北省十堰市为例

以中部生态敏感脆弱区十堰市为研究对象,综合运用GIS技术和景观生态学方法,对研究区进行了景观类型变化特征的分析,并选取与人为干扰密切相关的破碎度、多样性指数、分维数和分离度作为评价指标,构建区域景观生态安全评价模型,对该区域生态安全进行了综合评价与时空变化分析,最后探讨了其变化的驱动因素。结果表明:研究区内景观类型以林地和耕地为主,而其中又以林地为优势景观;各景观之间的相互转换都比较频繁,其中又以耕地和林地两者之间的转换幅度最大;十堰市的景观生态安全整体处于较高的水平,但在空间分布上差异很大;十堰市近20 a来景观生态安全有所变化,且变化的时空差异较大;景观类型变化、经济发展和土地整治政策等共同驱动了研究区景观生态安全变化。研究成果可为该区域土地资源管理、生态环境保护和可持续发展提供参考。

Landscape ecological security evaluation and temporal-spatial change in ecologically sensitive areas: case of Shiyan City,Hubei Province

Shiyan City, situated in ecologically sensitive region of central China, was selected as research subject to analyze change characteristics in landscape types by GIS technology and landscape ecology method. We constructed a regional landscape security evaluation model by selecting the parameters such as fragmentation, diversity indexes, fractal dimension and resolution that are closely related to human interference. By the model, we evaluated the regional security and analyzed its temporal-spatial changes as well as its driving factors. The results showed that forestland and cropland are the major landscape types in the region, with the forestland being the dominated type. There are frequent land use conversion among various landscape types, and the conversion between cropland and forestland is among the highest in land use conversions. Shiyan City has high landscape ecological security level, but its temporal and spatial distribution varies significantly. The city has experienced great changes in landscape ecological security over the past twenty years, and these changes occurred both spatially and temporally. Variations in landscape types, economic development and land improvement policy are the driving forces for the changes in landscape ecological security.