磁性浮板覆盖下干旱区平原水库节水效率分析

针对干旱区平原水库水深浅、风速大、气温高、空气相对湿度低而导致蒸发损失严重的问题，在吐鲁番市胜金乡胜金沟三期水土保持水库进行了一整年不同覆盖面积的带磁性浮板与非磁性浮板覆盖水面来减少水面蒸发的试验，以此来分析相同覆盖面积下带磁性浮板成片整体分布与非磁性浮板分散分布对水库水面蒸发的节水效率。试验结果表明：在气象因素相同的情况下，带磁性浮板分别覆盖水面25％,50％和75％时，蒸发抑制率分别为27.4％,41.5％和59.1％；非磁性浮板分别覆盖水面25％,50％和75％时，蒸发抑制率分别为22.1％,38.1％和57.3％；带磁性浮板比非磁性浮板蒸发抑制率分别提高了5.3％,3.4％和1.8％。可见，带磁性浮板节水效果更加显著，对提高干旱区平原水库水资源的利用效率具有显著意义。

Water saving efficiency of plain reservoir covered by magnetic floating plate in arid area

The evaporation losses from plain reservoirs are significant in arid area due to shallow water depth, high wind speed, high temperature and relatively low air humidity. Therefore, we conducted a series of tests for a year to reduce the water surface evaporation from the reservoir which was built for third-stage soil and water conservation in Turpan Xinjiang. During the tests, the reservoir was covered by magnetic and non-magnetic floating plates. Also, we analyzed the water saving efficiency of the magnetic and non-magnetic floating plates in the case of the same coverage area. The results show that under the same meteorological conditions, when the single magnetic floating plate covered 25%, 50% and 70% of the reservoir surface, the evaporation inhibition rate was 27.4%, 41.5% and 59.1% respectively. When the non-magnetic floating plates covered 25%, 50% and 70% of the reservoir surface, the evaporation inhibition rate were 22.1%, 38.1% and 57.3% respectively. The evaporation inhibition rate of the magnetic floating plate increased by 5.3%, 3.4% and 1.8% respectively, compared with non-magnetic floating plate. In conclusion, the magnetic floating plate could be more effective in water saving, which is significant to improving water resources use efficiency of plain reservoirs in arid area.