鄱阳湖、赣江以及长江白鲢资源分析与保护研究

以2013年9月~2014年12月从鄱阳湖、赣江以及长江采集的234尾鲢鱼为样本,对当地鲢鱼的生长特点进行了研究,以分析各江段鲢鱼资源。采集到的鲢鱼体长范围为120.0~780.0 mm,体量范围为31.1~9 278.5 g。采用Key公式拟合了鲢鱼体长与体重的关系,发现鲢鱼质量与体长呈明显的幂函数关系,表明该江段白鲢为匀速生长类型。用Von Bertalanffy方程对鲢鱼的生长速度进行了拟合,发现鲢鱼群体的生长拐点为5.6龄,拐点体长64.1 cm,拐点体重5 139.7 g,说明当5.6龄白鲢是该江段最佳的捕捞年龄。与其它江段相比,鄱阳湖、赣江以及长江白鲢的生长性能和年龄结构表现出一定的衰退趋势,因此,应从加强渔政管、设立禁渔期、合理控制网箱养鱼以及建立保护区等方面对白鲢资源进行保护。

Resource analysis of Silver carp in Poyang Lake,Ganjiang River and Yangtze River and its protection

In September 2013 to December 2014, silver carp of 234 tails were collected from the Poyang Lake, the Ganjiang River and the Yangtze River as samples to analyze the growth characteristics and distribution in the waters. The length and weight of collected silver carps range from 120.0 to 780.0mm and 31.1 to 9278.5 g respectively. We used Key formula to fit the relationship between fish body length and weight, and discovered that the relationship between body weight and length of silver carp was an obvious power function, showing that the silver carp in these waters grows in constant speed. In addition, we analyzed the growth speed of the silver fish by using Von Bertalanffy formula and discovered that the turning point of population growth, body length and weight are 5.6 age, 64.1cm, and 5139.7g respectively, which indicated that 5.6 age is the best fishing age for the silver carp in the waters. Compared with other waters, the growth performance and age structure of the silver carp in the research waters have a certain decline trend. So, the silver fish resources in the waters should be protected by strengthening the fishing administrative management, setting up closed fishing period, controlling cage fish culture and establishing conservation areas etc. 