水文监测创新在2016年长江洪水测报中的作用

2016年，长江中下游发生了区域性大洪水。为保证洪水预报的水文资料需求，长江委水文局通过建立的由水文监测管理体系、水文监测服务体系、水文监测技术支撑体系、水文监测质量保障体系等四大部分组成的水文监测体系创新与关键技术，以“巡测优先、驻巡结合、测报自动、应急补充”的新型水文监测模式，大大提升了防洪监测的能力和水平。与往次防洪监测比较，在应对2016年的大洪水的过程中，长江水文测验的新型模式带来了测洪能力、技术水平、准确度、时效性的系统性提升，其中，流量测验时间缩短了73%~83%，水情信息到报率和准确率达到99.95%，远远高于国家标准。

Role of hydrological monitoring and measurement innovation in flood forecast of Changjiang River in 2016

In 2016, the regional big flood occurred in middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River. To provide hydrological data for flood forecast, Hydrology Bureau of Changjiang Water Resources Commission utilized the innovative hydrological monitoring and measurement system composed of management system, service system, technological support system and quality assurance system and key technology to carry out flood monitoring measurement and greatly improved the measurement capability and level, with the new mode of "taking tour-monitoring and measurement as a top priority, combination of stationed and tour monitoring and measurement, automatic forecast, emergency measure as supplement". Compared with the previous monitoring, in monitoring and measurement of the 2016 big flood, the flood monitoring and measurement capability, technological level, accuracy and timeliness were systematically improved. The discharge measurement time reduced by 73% to 83%, and the data transmission rate and accuracy rate reached 99.95%, well over the national standard.