近2000年鲁西南地区河湖水系水环境变迁脉络研究

鲁西南地区是历史时期黄河、淮河、海河三大流域的"交汇"区,在自然因素和人类活动因素的共同作用下,区域水系水环境发生了沧海桑田的剧变。本文基于历史文献,分析了几个典型历史时期区域河湖水系格局及湖泊数量、积水面积等指标,试图复原区域水环境变迁的大体脉络,并基于水利史的视角分析区域环境演变的动因。研究认为,黄河1128年南徙夺淮、元代京杭运河的营建及1855年铜瓦厢改道是区域水系演变的三个重要节点,不同阶段区域湖泊数量及积水面积逐渐减少,黄河变迁成为区域水环境演变的重要影响因素,而人类活动对其演变历程也产生重要影响,尤其是在元明清时期,会通河的开凿和经营塑造了区域相对稳定的水系格局及水环境。认知区域水环境的历史背景,总结变迁规律和蜕化原因,为当前修复区域水环境、改善生态具有重要意义。

Study on water environmental changes of rivers and lakes in generalized southwest Shandong in almost 2000 years

In the historical period, the "generalized" southwest Shandong region basically was the intersection area of the lower Yellow River and the Huaihe River and Haihe River Basin. For thousands of years, the region has undergone drastic changes under the combined action of natural factors and human activities. In this paper, based on the analysis of historical documents, we analyzed the regional river and lake system and the indicators such as the number of lakes and the area of accumulated water in several typical historical periods. An attempt was made to restore,the general context of regional water environment changes and to analyze the motivation of regional environmental evolution from the perspective of water history. The study shows that the Yellow River''s migration to the Huaihe River in 1128, the construction of the Jinghang Canal in the Yuan Dynasty,and the re-conversion of the copper-carriage in 1855 were the important nodes in the evolution of the regional water system. The number of lakes and the area of accumulated water in different periods gradually decreased. The change of the Yellow River had become an important factor influencing the evolution of regional water environment. Besides, human activities also had an important impact on its evolution, especially during the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The excavation and operation of the Huitong River shaped the relatively stable water system and water environment. Cognizing the historical background of the regional water environment and summarizing the laws of change and the reasons for degeneration are of great significance to the current restoration of the regional water environment and improvement of ecology.