微囊藻水华暴发的水动力机理与模拟研究进展

微囊藻水华暴发会加剧水质恶化,影响用水安全,破坏水生态系统平衡,威胁人类健康,是全球普遍面临的水生态灾害之一。微囊藻水华暴发的水动力机理与模拟是开展相关水华防治的关键,是当前环境与生态水力学研究的前沿热点与难点。本文对国内外微囊藻水华暴发的水动力机理与模拟研究工作进行了梳理,包括:归纳了微囊藻自主迁移的生物学机制;总结了静水环境下微囊藻个体与群体的垂向迁移机制;梳理了风生流、异重流等典型流态下微囊藻聚集的水动力机理;从粒子模型与连续介质模型角度,阐述了微囊藻迁移分布模拟方法以及应用;凝练了微囊藻水华暴发水动力机理与模拟研究领域未来需要解决的若干关键问题。

Research progress on hydrodynamic mechanisms and simulation of Microcystis blooms

Microcystis blooms,as one global water ecological disaster,can intensify the deterioration of water quality,affect water safety,disrupt the balance of aquatic ecosystems,and threaten human health.The hydrodynamic mechanism and simulation of Microcystis bloom are significant for preventing and controlling related blooms,which are the frontier hotspots and difficulties in the current environmental and ecological hydraulics research.Presented in this paper is a review on the hydrodynamic mechanism and simulation of Microcystis blooms,including the biological mechanism of the autonomous migration of Microcystis,the vertical migration mechanism of Microcystis individuals and colonies in still water,the hydrodynamic mechanism of Microcystis aggregation in typical flows such as wind-induced flow and density flow,the method and application of the numerical simulation of the migration and distribution of Microcystis from the perspective of the individual and continuum models,as well as some key issues that need to be solved in future.