国内外水源地水质评价标准与评价方法的比较

介绍并分析了国内外主要的水源地水质评价标准、评价方法,详细对比《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838-2002）和《生活饮用水卫生标准》（GB5749-2006）中指标与限值,指出我国水源地水质评价标准中存在的缺陷与不足.认为我国相关评价标准体系应当借鉴欧美等国的相关标准来进行补充完善,增强其系统性和针对性.建议采用综合水质指数评价方法评价我国水源地水质状况,综合考虑水体理化性质、微生物和毒性指标,实现评价结果由单因子评价水质参数是否合格向水源地水质状况等级划分转变,使我国水源地水质评价由单因子评价向综合评价方向发展.

Comparison of source water quality standards and evaluation methods between China and some developed countries

The source water quality standards and assessment methods in China and abroad are analyzed briefly. Based on the comparison of ＂Environmental quality standards for surface water＂ （GB 3838-2002） and ＂Standards for drinking water quality＂ （GB 5749-2006）, the defects existing in source water quality standards in China are elaborated. Learning from the standards of Europe, the United States and other de- veloped countries, we should improve and strengthen the systematicness of source water quality evaluation standards. By considering physical and chemical properties, microbiological and toxicological indicators, com- prehensive water quality index evaluation method is recommended for source water assessment in China. The method can realize the transformation of source water quality assessment from single factor to compre- hensive evaluation, and also can give the classification of water quality status.