基于作物耗水定额控制的灌溉管理模型

海河流域水资源供需矛盾突出,其中农业灌溉所占用水量和耗水量比例最大,而其水分利用效率相对偏低,因此节水潜力较大,为合理调控区域灌溉用水,本文将田间试验观测为基础的灌溉节水理论和方法与遥感数据反演区域耗水(ET)的点面优势相结合,提出了基于作物耗水定额管理的农业灌溉管理模型,通过控制区域上的作物耗水量分布,促进区域灌溉水资源的合理调配和利用,实现资源性节水。模型主要功能包括遥感反演数据统计分析、区域耗水目标分解、作物ET定额分配、种植结构调整、节水潜力分析以及净灌溉需水量估算。可实现从区域综合耗水控制目标向主要作物ET定额的分解,并转化为灌溉用水管理中可控制的灌溉定额,通过逐年设置主要作物的ET控制定额和种植结构情景方案,分析区域的节水潜力,消除奢侈耗水,实现不同水文年和耗水控制阶段目标下的灌溉定额管理,为区域灌溉水管理提供技术支持。

Irrigation water management model based on crop ET quota control

Irrigation accounts for the main part of water use and consumption in the Hai River basin, where the shortage of irrigation water resource becomes a critical problem affecting agricultural production and food security. Taking the advantages of field observation and remote sensing data, this paper proposed an agricuhural water management method to improve irrigation management for higher water use efficiency at regional scale. The paper developed an irrigation management model based on crop ET quota control theory. The main function consists of water consumption analysis based on remote sensing data, regional water consumption objective analysis, crop ET quota control, crop pattern improvement, water saving potential calculation and irrigation quota estimation. Different irrigation management scenarios can be made annually according to a series of hydrological year and different practical ET control methods. The model can provide regional irrigation management methods for arid or semi-arid areas.