长江上游珍稀、特有鱼类生态水温目标研究

水温是影响鱼类生长发育最重要的生态因子之一,水温的变化对鱼类各个生活周期,特别是繁殖期,将会产生很大的影响。金沙江下游梯级电站建成后,下泄的低温水会造成下游天然河道水温的变化。位于金沙江梯级电站下游1.8km处的长江上游珍稀、特有鱼类国家级自然保护区,有达氏鲟、白鲟、胭脂鱼、岩原鲤、圆口铜鱼等68种珍稀特有鱼类。本文在生物资料缺乏的情况下,根据屏山站多年水温观测记录,采用生态水文学中的变化范围法（RVA方法）,推算了各月的适宜生态水温目标,并用有文献记录的17种保护区鱼类的产卵期适宜水温范围进行可靠性检验,最终确定了保护区生态水温目标。

Ecological target watertemperature of rare and endemic fish in Yangtze River upstream

Temperature is one of the most important environmental factors that influence fish growth rates of metabolism and development. The change of the water temperature has a great impact on the whole fish life cycle, especially on the reproduction period. After the construction of the cascade hydropower station in the lower reaches of Jinshajiang River, release of the low temperature water will change the water temperature of the natural downstream watercourse. National nature reserve of rare and endemic fish in the Yangtze River upstream area, lying in the 1.8 km downriver from the cascade hydropower station of Jinshajiang River, has 68 kinds of rare and endemic fish such as Acipenser dabryanus, Myxocyprinusasiaticus, Procyprisrabaudi, Coreiusguiehenoti etc. Under the circumstances of the lack of biological information, according to the record of many years＇ water temperature of Pingshan station, this paper adopts the ranges of variability approach method in ecological hydrology to calculate the appropriate ecological water temperature of each month, conducts the reliability test using the appropriate water temperature range of 17 kinds of fish recorded in documents in the reserve and finally confirms the ecological target water temperature.