河流栖息地适合度曲线与分级评价标准研究

河流栖息地具有多尺度、多等级、斑块化分布和动态变化等重要特征,常通过揭示栖息地质量的关键环境因子适合度来开展河流栖息地质量评价。本文基于国内外多种溪流型鱼类栖息地环境的流速、水深范围与偏好的流速、水深、水温研究成果,结合中国浙江省瓯江干流河段的自然环境特征和多样性的水生物学特点,选取喜缓流水型鱼类-唇䱻作为指示性物种,研究了河流栖息地关键环境因子:水深、流速、水温与水质适合度曲线,采用优、良、中、差分级评价方法,以流速、水深、水温和水质类别作为主要的判据因子,确定了河流栖息地评估的分级标准,为河流栖息地质量评价和生态适应性管理提供了科学依据。

Research of fitness curve and graded evaluation standards on river habitat

River habitats have many important characteristics such as multi-scale, multi-level, patch distri-bution and dynamic changes. The quality of river habitats is generally evaluated by the fitness functions of key environmental factors related to river habitats. This paper starts from research on velocity and water depth of stream habitats both in China and overseas, as well as the local stream fishes' preference of ve-locity,water depth and water temperature,and then takes the Hemibarbus labeo,a fish preferring slow cur-rent, as the indicator to analyze key environmental factors in its habitat of Oujiang River southwest of Zhengjiang Province, China. In view of the natural environment features and aquatic biodiversity in Oujiang River, the fitness curves of key environmental factors, such as velocity, water depth, water temperature and water quality,are discussed. This paper uses the fitness curve of key environmental factors as four de-terminants to define the graded evaluation standard of river habitats and to grade the quality of river habi-tats into optimum,good,moderate and bad. The results can provide scientific support for river habitat qual-ity evaluation and ecological adaptive management.