区域蒸散发监测与估算方法研究综述

蒸散发是能量循环与水循环的结合,是陆面生态过程与水文过程的纽带。准确测定与估算区域蒸散发对气候演变研究、水资源规划与管理、农业节水研究、作物产量模拟及环境问题等方面都具有重要的现实意义。近30多年来,随着技术手段的进步,蒸散发的监测和估算取得了重大进展,本文对此进行了分析和评价,总结了测定作物蒸散发的主要方法,包括梯度法、土壤水平衡法、蒸渗仪法、波文比法、涡度相关法和闪烁通量仪法等。估算区域植被或作物蒸散发的主要方法包括区域水量平衡法、彭曼综合法、互补相关法等。本文综述了各种方法的基本原理及优缺点,分析了不同方法反映不同尺度蒸散发的适应性,提出了估算区域蒸发目前存在的问题以及未来的发展前景。

A review of monitoring and estimating methods for regional evapotranspiration

The evapotraspiration is a combinat ion of energy circulation adn terrestrial water circulation. It is also a bond between ecological processes and hydrological processes for land surface. It has significant meanings of accurately monitor and estimate evapotranspiration for climate change research, water resources planning, agriculture water-saving research, crop yield simulation and environment impact assessment. In the past 3 decades, the methods of monitoring and estimating evapotranspiration have made some essential progress, which are analyzed and evaluated in this paper. The main monitoring methods mainly include gradient method, soil water balance method, lysimeter method, bowen ratio method, eddy covariance method and scintillometer method. The main methods of estimating evaotranspiration include regional water balance method, Penman-Monteinth method and complementary method. The different methods are reviewed based on its basic principles and fundamental features. The adaptability of different methods for different scales evapotranspiration is analyzed. The existing problems and development prospects are pointed out.