论维持黄河健康生命的关键技术与调控措施

随着流域来水来沙过程的大幅变化及人类活动的日趋剧烈,黄河发生了很大的变化,主要表现为：流域生态环境退化,水土流失严重,悬河加剧,功能性断流与水患并存,水质污染日益加剧。本文系统地分析了导致黄河健康恶化的因素,提出基于全流域综合调控的“临界控制论”,可作为维持黄河健康生命的理论基础,它包括黄河流域不同层次的临界指标体系和流域水沙资源优化配置的数学模型。构建黄河流域水沙调控体系是维持黄河健康生命的技术支撑,其主要功能是增水、减沙、调节水沙过程,按黄河现有的条件,下游河道塑造和维持中水河槽的平滩流量约为4000m^3／s左右。

Key technology and regulation measures on maintaining a healthy life of the Yellow River

With significant variations of incoming water and sediment and continuous increase of human activities in the Yellow River basin, the river regime has greatly changed in past decades, such as deterioration of basin eco-environment, severe water and soil loss, worsening of river bottom rising, co-existence of functional dry-out and flood disasters, as well as serious water pollution. The paper systematically analyzed the factors causing deterioration of the Yellow River health. A theory of "threshold regulation" was worked out based on the comprehensive measures of the whole river basin, which could be adopted as fundamentals of maintaining the healthy life of the river. The theory includes a series of critical indexes at different levels and mathematical models of optimal allocation of water and sediment resources of the basin. Construction of water-sediment regulation system for the Yellow River basin would be a technical support to maintain a healthy life of the river. The main objectives would focus on increasing water, reducing sediment, and regulating water flow and sediment transportation. It is necessary to create and maintain a main channel with a bank-full discharge capacity of about (4000m~3/s) under the current condition of the Yellow River.