我国生态补偿分类及实施案例分析

依据我国生态补偿实施地的空间地域特征及实际开展情况,将我国生态补偿分为自然保护区生态补偿、重要生态功能区生态补偿、流域水资源生态补偿、大气环境保护生态补偿、矿产资源开发区生态补偿、农业生产区生态补偿以及旅游风景开发区生态补偿共7类。通过分析我国已实施及在实施的113例生态补偿案例,对不同生态补偿类型的发展现状进行了归纳总结,认为我国各类生态补偿实施力度差异较大,各类生态补偿的区域分布对比明显,生态补偿的市场手段远未发展成熟,政府引导市场的模式仍是目前的主导方式。建议全面推进我国各类生态补偿工作,国家提供强有力的政策支持和稳定的资金来源,促进生态环境保护与开发的协调发展;探索完善市场补偿手段,积极推进各类生态补偿领域内的市场交易。

Classification and case analysis of eco-compensation in China

According to the regional and spatial characteristics of eco-compensation, this paper classifies eco-compensation in China into 7 spatial types, i.e., eco-compensation in nature conservation, essential ecological functional zones, watershed protection regions, atmosphere conservation zones, mining and exploiting zones, agriculture zones and tourism zones. By means of collecting and summarizing 113 implemented cases of eco-compensation in the country, this paper analyses the features and development status of each type. It reveals big differences in implementation among various existing types and the major mode of marketing in eco-compensation is under government guidance. Finally, this paper discusses the development trends of coo-compensation and presents some suggestions of providing governments＇ support in policy-making and funding for the purpose of building harmonic progress of environment protection and economy development.