水体沉积物重金属质量基准研究综述

沉积物作为重金属污染物的源和汇，对水生环境有着至关重要的影响。如何准确有效的建立沉积物的质量基准已成为当前水环境学的紧迫课题。经过近三十年的发展，沉积物质量基准（Sediment Quality Criteria，SQC）的建立方法有了很大的发展。笔者结合各种文献和国内外最新研究介绍了常用的几种SQC的建立方法，并分析了各种方法的优劣性，最后详细介绍了当前最为流行的两种SQC的建立方法：相平衡分配法和生物效应数据库法。通过对各种方法的比较，对如何建立SQC提出了几点建议，以期为建立适合我国的SQC有所启发。

Review of heavy metal quality criteria in river sediments

The river sediment has a significant influence on the water environment and it is both the source and sink of the heavy metals in river environment. How to set up the sediment quality criteria （SQC） accurately and effectively is an urgent issue in the water environment research. The approaches to establishing the SQC have had a tremendous development during the past three decades. The authors intro- duced several popular methods of how to set up the proper SQC based on previous references and the new- est researches. The authors analyzed the advantages and the disadvantages of the different methods. In addi- tion, the authors also introduced two fashionable approaches in detail： equilibrium partitioning approach and biological effects database approach. Finally, the authors gave several useful suggestions based on the comparisons of different approaches. The suggestions are expected to be benefltial to framing the SQC appropriate for the current situation in China.