城市地下空间地面洪水侵入成因和特征分析

解构地面洪水侵入地下空间的灾害因素,从内、外部环境2个维度,分析地面洪水侵入成因和特征,探寻浸水规律和防止机制。研究表明:外部防汛环境的脆弱性是导致地面洪水侵入地下空间的首要因素;地下空间自身具备的防御措施和能力与灾害损失密切相关;地面洪水侵入路径和方式多样,不确定性因素多,且水力特征复杂,没有确定的统一规律可循,对于重要、大型的地下空间应通过采用数值模拟与物理模型相结合的研究手段拟定防御浸水对策和措施;排水系统布置需建立在水流特性分析基础上,且排水设施尽可能布置在水流沿程路径上,靠近洪水易侵入部位规模宜大,数量宜多。研究成果可为科学合理地采用相应的防洪对策和措施提供理论依据。

Causes and Characteristics of Flooding in Urban Underground Space

The causes and characteristics of ground flood invading into underground space are analyzed in terms of internal and external factors to obtain the flooding rule and prevention mechanism.Research result suggests that vulnerable external environment is the primary factor of flood invading into underground space.Defensive measures and capabilities of underground space itself are closely related to disaster loss.Since ground flood intrudes in a variety of paths and means with many uncertain factors and complex hydraulic characteristics yet no clear unified rules to follow,countermeasures for important and large underground space must be determined through combination of numerical simulation and physical modeling.In addition,the arrangement of drainage system should be based on flow characteristics analysis,and drainage facilities should be located along the water flow path near the flood invasion site in large scale and quantity.The results could be referenced for the choice of rational countermeasures of flood prevention.