弯曲河道型库岸滑坡涌浪传播及其与大坝的相互作用

库岸滑坡是一种常见地质灾害,如果无法及时预测而出现下滑,则滑坡入库后很可能诱发涌浪,危及河道交通或附近水利设施安全。以弯曲型河道滑坡入库诱发涌浪为研究对象,基于Flow-3D模拟弯曲河道型库岸滑坡涌浪传播过程及其与下游水利设施——大坝相互作用。为了检验水工物理模型试验的有效性和精度,在相关库岸滑坡涌浪研究基础上构建了三维滑坡涌浪数值模型。研究表明:三维数值模拟和水工物理模型试验结果吻合较好,主要体现在涌浪水面高度变化和传播过程。同时,分析不同水深和下滑坡角条件下大坝和滑坡涌浪相互作用过程,得出最危险的水深条件和入射角度,通过工程实例验证分析得出最大动水头小于涌浪高度水头且沿水深有一定程度的折减,则采用最大涌浪爬高水位静力方法计算分析坝体应力,其结果偏安全。

Propagation of Landslide Surge in Curved River Channel and Its Interaction with Dam

As a common geological hazard,reservoir bank landslide would most probably induce surge waves in river if not prewarned in time,endangering river traffic or the safety of nearby water conservancy facilities.The propagation of surge wave induced by the landslide of curved river bank in reservoir and its interaction with downstream dam were simulated by using Flow-3D.A three-dimensional landslide surge model was constructed to verify the validity and accuracy of hydraulic physical model test.The result of the three-dimensional numerical simulation was in good agreement with that of hydraulic physical model test in terms of the water surface height change and the propagation process of the surge.In the mean time,the most dangerous water depth and incident angle conditions were obtained by analyzing the interaction between the dam and the landslide surge under different conditions.Engineering examples demonstrated that the maximum dynamic water head was smaller than the water head of surge height,and reduced along the water depth direction.In such cases,the stress of the dam calculated according to the static maximum water head of the surge is safe.