论气候压力下的跨国水体协议

全球气候变化无疑会影响河流的来水过程和供水过程，改变河流的水质、水量和水系统运行，使当今跨国水体可持续管理复杂化。然而，目前大部分跨国水体协议缺少处理应对气候挑战的重要措施，没有充分考虑不断变化的气候、社会、经济和状况。跨国水体的分享可能会导致两国或多国之间发生冲突，但也可以成为合作和谈判的源泉。共同应对气候的挑战，为未来的跨国水体管理找到新的方法提供了一个平台。尽管各流域国之间存在政治和社会差异、利益冲突等，但制定灵活而又有效的跨国水体协议以减轻气候变化的不利影响是极其需要且完全有可能的，措施有：①灵活的水分配策略；②精确的数据和信息交换；③综合的水质管理；④应对极端事件的策略；⑤对原有跨国水体协议的修订；⑥联合管理委员会的成立和完善。

Discussion on Transboundary Water Agreements Under Climatic Stress

Global climate change undoubtedly affects the inflow process and supply process of rivers, changes river water quality, water quantity and water system operation, and complicates the sustainable management of transboundary water. However, most of the transboundary water agreements lack important measures to deal with climate challenge and sufficient consideration on the changing social, economic and climatic conditions. Sharing transboundary water leads to conflict between two or more countries, but it also can be a source of cooperation and negotiation. So, sharing climate challenges can be a platform for developing new methods for future transboundary water management. Although there are political and social differences and conflicts of interest among the countries, it is extremely necessary and entirely possible to develop flexible and effective transboundary water agreements. The strategies include ①flexible water allocation strategies ②precise data and information exchange ③comprehensive water quality management ④strategies of response to extreme events ⑤amendment to the original transboundary water agreements ⑥establishment and improvement of joint management institutions.