长江干流河道水沙特性与变化趋势初步分

 建立了河道水沙量、水沙影响因子与水沙关系之间的联系，归纳了年径流量与输沙量的4类分析方法：频率统计法、适配线拟合法、相关分析法和累积曲线法。以长江干流河道控制水文站寸滩、宜昌、监利、汉口和大通1950-2005年实测数据为基础，初步分析了长江干流河道水沙特性与变化趋势。分析表明：①长江干流河道水量沿程增加、沙量沿程变化不大，沙量变化比水量变化约大10倍，水沙关系沿程减弱；②1950-2005年间，长江干流河道年径流量基本保持不变，年输沙量呈减小趋势，年均减小约1%，1990年后呈明显减小趋势，2000年后呈加速减小趋势；③上游来水来沙变化是控制葛洲坝工程和三峡工程（135m水位运用期）坝下游水沙变化及河道冲刷的主要因素，其影响大于工程的调水调沙作用。

Preliminary Analysis on Characteristics and Changing Tendency of Annual Runoff and Sediment Load of Changjiang River Main Channels

A relationship among runoff and sediment load,influential factors and flow-sediment is firstly established.Four types of analytical methods on annual runoffs and sediment loads are then summarized,namely,probability and statistics analysis,regressing and fitting curves,correlation analysis and accumulation-curve method.Finally,characteristics and changing tendency of annual runoffs and sediment loads of the Changjiang River main channels are analyzed,on the basis of observed data of Cuntan,Yichang,Jianli,Ha...