计算黄河干流生态环境需水Tennant法的改进及应用

为弥补Tennant法不能反映河流多沙特性和流量季节特性的不足,本文在原Tennant法的百分比系数中引入了环境比降和季节系数,对Tennant法进行改进。改进后的Tennant法应用到黄河下游三门峡至利津等站。应用结果表明：改进后的Tennant法能够保障平原区河道的河流形态及河流生物栖息地存在和发展;同时,改进后Tennant法求得的流量更好地体现了研究河段流量丰枯的季节性;结果印证了黄河是主要靠降水补给的河流,其生态环境和降水具有丰枯同步的相关性。改进后的Tennant法能适应地形多变、流量季节性变化的河流,拓宽了Tennant法的适用范围。该文的研究为Tennant法适用于有特殊要求河流的改进提供了一个新的思路。

Improvement Tennant method and application it to compute eco-environmental water requirement in Yellow River

In order to supply a gap of Tennant method on sediment-laden and flux seasonal variety river, the original percentum coefficient of Tennant method augmented the environment gradient ratio and the seasonal coefficient in the paper. The improved Tennant method computed eco-environmental water requirement of the stations in Yellow River lower reaches,which were from San menxia to Li jin. The result indicated that the improved Tennant method ensure the river modality and the biology habitat to be considered normally in plain region and embody the season characteristic of rivers in the north China. At the same time, the result verified that Yellow River is the rain replenishment river and its eco-environmental water requirement is the synchronous plentiful or withered relation with the precipitation in drainage basin. The improved Tennant method fits suit the sediment-laden river and the seasonal river and it exploits the application scope. The study provided a new method for farther improving the Tennant method to suit the special eco-environmental requirement of rivers.