矩形断面明渠流速分布的研究及应用

通过对矩形断面明渠流速分布的理论分析与试验研究，建立了明渠沿垂线流速的分布公式和沿横向流速的乘幂函数分布公式以及相关系数的确定方法。经不同水槽、渠道流速资料的验证，表明提出的明渠流速分布律与实际分布特点一致，测点流速相对误差比较小，可以很好满足明渠流量测量的精度要求。在此基础上提出了对明渠渠道进行流速、流量连续测量的计算方法，对简化明渠测流工作量、提高明渠测流精度具有实际应用价值。

Discussion and application of velocity profile in open channel with rectangular cross-section

Based on the theoretical analysis and experimental studies, the mean velocity distribution laws in open channel with rectangular cross section are established. It is found that the mean velocity distribution is parabolic in the vertical direction, and the distribution is of the power form in the transverse direction. The determination method of the coefficients in the distribution laws is also given in the paper. From the validation with the data in different channels, it indicates that the established velocity distribution laws have the same characteristics with the real ones; the relative errors at measuring points are small and meet the requirement of engineering. The suggested method according to the findings for continuing measurement of velocily and discharge is valuabe for simplifying the measuring work and incresing the measuring accuracy in open channels.