黄河下游滩区洪水风险分析及减灾措施研究

黄河下游滩区洪水漫滩灾害频发，作为防洪非工程措施的洪水风险分析对于指导黄河下游滩区实施防洪减灾措施有着重要的意义。针对黄河下游滩区呈现“二级悬河”的不利局面及下游洪水泥沙含量大的特点，采用基于GIS的黄河下游二维水沙数学模型分量级计算相关洪水风险信息。根据洪水风险分析结果，制定滩区居民迁安救护方案，编制了不同量级洪水淹没下的滩区洪水风险图，增强滩区居民风险意识及应急避险撤退能力。提出了相关减灾应对措施，有着显著的防洪减灾效益。

Study of Mitigation Measures and Analysis of Flood Risk at Floodplain in Yellow River Downstreamn

The floodplain disasters are frequently happened at floodplain in Lower Yellow River. Non- project measures of flood risk analysis have significant importance for the flood control and mitigation in Lower Yellow River. Since the Yellow River Floodplain Downstream at present is at unfavorable situation of ＇ secondary elevated river＇ and with the characteristic of high silt content, this paper is calculating the relative flood risk information through GIS based second dimension mathematical model of flow and sedi- ment in Yellow River Downstream. Based on the result of flood risk analysis, the program of migration and rescue have been made for the residents at lower floodplain, It stipulates the flood risk map of floodplain under different grade flood, which can enhance the risk awareness and emergency escape ability of local residents. This paper has presented several relative methods for disaster mitigation and it has remarkable effect for flood control and disaster mitigation.